OF TANZANIA United States Minor Outlying Islands UNITED STATES OF AMERICA URUGUAY UZBEKISTAN VANUATU VATICAN CITY VENEZUELA VIETNAM VIRGIN ISLANDS (BRITISH) VIRGIN ISLANDS (U.S.A.) WALLIS & FUTUNA ISLANDS WESTERN SOMOA YEMEN ZAMBIA ZIMBABWE. Phone Number. Browse Copper Iron Fittings in …Types K, L, M, DWV and Medical Gas tube are designated by ASTM standard sizes, with the actual outside diameter always 1/8-inch larger than the standard size designation. Each type represents a series of sizes with different wall thicknesses. Type K tube has thicker walls than Type L tube, and Type L walls are thicker than Type M, for any given ...Mueller Streamline® 125/150 Lb. Flange Two-Piece (8) Mueller Industries’ Streamline ® 125/150 lb. Companion Flange is a two-piece, wrot copper design that provides for quick installation and a professional finish. The copper sleeve allows installers to solder or braze the assembly as they would other wrot copper fittings.The solubility of copper depends on the nature of the copper compound and the solvent used. In its metallic state, copper is soluble in nitric acid and sulphuric acid at a high tem...Streamline® Copper Fittings – Wrot PDF. Download 34216. File Size 1.15 MB. File Count 1. Create Date November 30, 2018. Last Updated March 12, 2024.Jan 12, 2022 ... ACR press platforms RLS Zoomlock MAX Mueller ... How to ProPress Copper Pipes (Pros & Cons) | GOT2LEARN ... Press On Virtual Showcase - Mueller/ ...Mueller’s track record of over 30 years of profitable growth through all industry cycles demonstrates the resilience and sustainability of our business model. ... In addition to being the only vertically integrated manufacturer of copper tube and fittings, brass rod and forgings in North America; the Company also has operations in Europe ...Jan 19, 2018 ... Copper Mining Process You've Never Seen.Copper Tube &Copper Anodes Manufacturing From Recycled Scrap. X-Machines•1.7M views · 4:19. Go to ... Quality, consistency and reliability have made the Streamline ® brand trusted and specified all around the world. For use in above-ground potable water supply systems. Constructed of high-grade copper or bronze materials. Made to applicable ASME standards B16.15, B16.18, B16.22, B16.24, B16.50, B1.20.1. Wrot fittings meet NSF 61G. Copper Tube – Made in the USA For Construction Applications Cerrotube TM is the original copper tube for plumbing, air conditioning and refrigeration applications in residential, commercial and industrial installations. Cerrotube TM is approved for both domestic water and below grade facility water. Cerro provides a complete range of sizes and types, … Back to all Companies. Servicing the plumbing, refrigeration, industrial and HVAC markets for 60 years, Great Lakes Copper LTD manufactures a full line of copper tubing for potable water, air conditioning, medical and aftermarket applications, plastic-coated copper, PEX rings and EZ-Roll Line Sets for air conditioning and ductless systems ... Experience top-tier HVACR efficiency with Mueller's Streamline Copper Type L Tube. Marked & color-coded for convenience, available in diverse diameters.Quality, consistency and reliability have made the Streamline ® brand trusted and specified all around the world. For use in above-ground potable water supply systems. Constructed of high-grade copper or bronze materials. Made to applicable ASME standards B16.15, B16.18, B16.22, B16.24, B16.50, B1.20.1. Wrot fittings meet NSF 61G.Mueller Europe Ltd., Oxford Street, Bilston WV14 7DS UK ‐ Telephone +44 1902 499700 ‐ Telefax +44 1902 405838 E‐mail [email protected] www.muellereurope.com Air‐conditioning and Refrigeration Copper Tube to EN12735‐1 INTRODUCTION Mueller Europe supply air‐conditioning and ... We also distribute air-conditioning and refrigeration copper tube under the Mueller brand. Mueller Europe is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Mueller Industries, a multi-billion dollar revenue company that is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange. With its European headquarters in Bilston, England, Mueller Europe operates the most modern ... Are you looking for ways to grow your YouTube channel? If so, you’ve come to the right place. In this article, we’ll show you how to get 1000 free YouTube subscribers in just a few...Copper Tube for HVACR Applications. Streamline® Refrigeration Service Tube is of a consistent dead soft temper, bright, thoroughly dried/dehydrated and packed in shrink wrapping plus …Quality, consistency and reliability have made the Streamline ® brand trusted and specified all around the world. For use in above-ground potable water supply systems. Constructed of high-grade copper or bronze materials. Made to applicable ASME standards B16.15, B16.18, B16.22, B16.24, B16.50, B1.20.1. Wrot fittings meet NSF 61G.Mueller Pro Series Multi Chopper/ Slicer ReviewUPDATE: 6/14/2022: I have been using this for 2 months now and it does great on slicing onions and potatoes. T... Mueller Industries. Mueller Industries, Inc. is an industrial manufacturer that specializes in copper and copper alloy manufacturing while also producing goods made from aluminum, steel, and plastics. It is headquartered in Collierville, Tennessee and comprises a network of operations in North America, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. We also distribute air-conditioning and refrigeration copper tube under the Mueller brand. Mueller Europe is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Mueller Industries, a multi-billion dollar revenue company that is publicly traded …Manufactured in accordance with applicable standards, our ongoing commitment to quality continues to make Streamline® Copper Tube the preferred and specified brand of industry professionals. For use in plumbing, mechanical, and DWV applications. Made to meet ASTM standards B88 and B306. Meets NSF 61G. Made in the USA. Specifications. Dimensions.Streamline® Copper Tube provides the strength, precision and cleanliness needed for the demanding conditions of medical gas applications. Preferred throughout the industry, our …Find out what works well at mueller copper tube from the people who know best. Get the inside scoop on jobs, salaries, top office locations, and CEO insights. Compare pay for popular roles and read about the team’s work-life balance. Uncover why mueller copper tube is the best company for you.Includes 10 ft. ( $2.47 /ft.) $24.71. Buy 10 or more $19.77 /ft. Mueller streamline product that is IAPMO certified. Mueller streamline product is NSF approved. Made in the USA. View More Details. South Loop Store. 187 in stock Aisle 08, Bay 001.Streamline sets the standard for quality and cleanliness in the HVACR and plumbing industries. With a full line of both copper and plastic-coated copper tube for plumbing, air-conditioning, …/product/mueller-bk-d06010p-mueller-streamline-refrigerator-copper-tubing/446386.Jan 12, 2022 ... ACR press platforms RLS Zoomlock MAX Mueller ... How to ProPress Copper Pipes (Pros & Cons) | GOT2LEARN ... Press On Virtual Showcase - Mueller/ .../product/mueller-bk-d06010p-mueller-streamline-refrigerator-copper-tubing/446386.Recycled Content – Copper Tube & Fittings. Download 2870. File Size 261.74 KB. File Count 1. Create Date December 14, 2018. Last Updated April 13, 2020. Download. Description. Back to all Companies. Servicing the plumbing, refrigeration, industrial and HVAC markets for 60 years, Great Lakes Copper LTD manufactures a full line of copper tubing for potable water, air conditioning, medical and aftermarket applications, plastic-coated copper, PEX rings and EZ-Roll Line Sets for air conditioning and ductless systems ... Mar 22, 2021 ... Mueller Streamline Co.•337 views · 10:51. Go to ... Mueller Streamline Co.•7.5K views · 2:53 ... How to ProPress Copper Pipes (Pros & Cons) |&nbs...Mueller Industries’ Streamline® brand of tube, fittings, valves and related products have set the HVAC & Refrigeration Industry’s standard of excellence for over 80 years. Known for quality, precision fit and reliable performance, we’re proud to be the preferred and specified brand of professionals all around the world.Mueller Streamline® 90° Elbow Short Radius Reducing (C x C) (15) Streamline ® Copper Solder-Joint Fittings for supply/pressurized systems have been the leading brand of copper fittings for over 80 years. Available in both wrot copper and cast bronze, our product selection has grown to become the most extensive in the industry.Copper Tube for HVACR Applications. Streamline ® Refrigeration Service Tube is of a consistent dead soft temper, bright, thoroughly dried/dehydrated and packed in shrink wrapping plus …When it comes to plumbing, choosing the right piping material is crucial. Two popular options that homeowners often consider are PEX piping and copper. Both have their own advantag...Copper Tube is manufactured from UNS C12200 grade of copper. Key Specifications: ... Mueller Streamline’s cleaning, purging and pressurizing process assures the high level of tube cleanliness in conformance to ASTM B280, the refrigeration industry standard. The tube is sealed with plugs which maintain the standard ofStreamline ACR Copper Press Fittings – Tool & Jaw. Download. Download 1514. File Size 739.57 KB. File Count 1. Create Date February 9, 2023. Last Updated February 9, 2023. Manufactured in accordance with applicable standards, our ongoing commitment to quality continues to make Streamline® Copper Tube the preferred and specified brand of industry professionals. For use in plumbing, mechanical, and DWV applications. Made to meet ASTM standards B88 and B306. Meets NSF 61G. Made in the USA. Specifications. Dimensions. Manufactured in accordance with applicable standards, our ongoing commitment to quality continues to make Streamline® Copper Tube the preferred and specified brand of industry professionals. For use in plumbing, mechanical, and DWV applications. Made to meet ASTM standards B88 and B306. Meets NSF 61G. Made in the USA. Specifications. Dimensions.Our plastic-coated copper tube eliminates the need for on-site tape wrapping or sleeving, creating a savings on labor and ensuring a professional-looking installation. It can be used in a wide variety of situations including reclaimed water applications and the movement of natural gas. For use in protecting copper.Oct 17, 2018 · This MUELLER INDUSTRIES copper refrigeration tubing easily connects air conditioning and refrigeration equipment. Connect using sweating or flare fittings Copper tubing is nitrogen purged to reduce contaminants Item: Copper Tubing Tube Material: Copper Tube Size: 3/8" Inside Dia.: 0.250" Outside Dia.: 3/8" Wall Thickness: 0.032" Max. Sizes range from 1/2″ — 4″ and the fittings are designed to join ASTM B88 (Types K, L, M) hard-drawn copper tube (1/2″ — 4″) and soft copper tube (1/2″ — 1-1/4″). Offering. ... ABOUT MUELLER STREAMLINE CO. Our Company Copper Tube Line Sets Fittings Find a Rep Contact. DOWNLOADS. Catalogs/Brochures Price Lists Technical ...Streamline ® Nitrogenized ® ACR Copper Tube is pressurized with nitrogen to provide maximum protection against the formation of harmful oxides normally formed during brazing operations. Reduction of these oxides greatly reduces system contamination. For use in HVACR applications. Made to applicable ASTM standards B280.A02529 2D/Revit/CAD. Streamline® Copper Solder-Joint Fittings for supply/pressurized systems have been the leading brand of copper fittings for over 80 years. Available in both wrot copper and cast bronze, our product selection has grown to become the most extensive in the industry. We are the acknowledged experts at engineering and ...Streamline ® Nitrogenized ® ACR Copper Tube is pressurized with nitrogen to provide maximum protection against the formation of harmful oxides normally formed during brazing operations. Reduction of these oxides greatly reduces system contamination. For use in HVACR applications. Made to applicable ASTM standards B280.Title. Copper Tube for HVACR Applications – Submittal. Download. Copper Tube for Medical Gas Applications – Submittal. Download. Copper Tube for Plumbing and Mechanical …With a full line of copper tube products to support most all plumbing supply and DWV applications, Streamline® Copper Tube is available in all common types including, Type K, Type L, Type M and DWV. Each piece of tube is incised marked and color coded for easy, long lasting identity. Manufactured in accordance with applicable standards, our ...InvestorPlace - Stock Market News, Stock Advice & Trading Tips They call it Dr. Copper for a reason and it’s usually because copper pric... InvestorPlace - Stock Market N...Quality, consistency and reliability have made the Streamline ® brand trusted and specified all around the world. For use in above-ground potable water supply systems. Constructed of high-grade copper or bronze materials. Made to applicable ASME standards B16.15, B16.18, B16.22, B16.24, B16.50, B1.20.1. Wrot fittings meet NSF 61G.Find out what works well at mueller copper tube from the people who know best. Get the inside scoop on jobs, salaries, top office locations, and CEO insights. Compare pay for popular roles and read about the team’s work-life balance. Uncover why mueller copper tube is the best company for you.The UK based manufacturer of Wednesbury Copper Tube. Copper tubes for plumbing, heating and a wide range of industrial applications. Wednesbury Tube is a wholly owned subsidiary of Mueller Industries Inc, Memphis USA and operates from a site in Bilston, Great Britain. In recent years Mueller Industries has implemented a substantial capital ...Streamline ® Copper Tube provides the strength, precision and cleanliness needed for the demanding conditions of HVAC and refrigeration applications. Preferred thought the industry, our products have set the benchmark for HVACR copper tube. Streamline ® Nitrogenized ® ACR Copper Tube is pressurized with nitrogen to provide maximum …Quality, consistency and reliability have made the Streamline ® brand trusted and specified all around the world. For use in above-ground potable water supply systems. Constructed of high-grade copper or bronze materials. Made to applicable ASME standards B16.15, B16.18, B16.22, B16.24, B16.50, B1.20.1. Wrot fittings meet NSF 61G. Browse Item # DG06050, Plastic Coated Copper Tube, 3/8" OD x 50' in the Mueller Industries Inc. catalog including Item #,Item Name,Description,Type,Standards,Weight,Material,Operating Temperature,Operating Pressure,Item Size,Plumbing (Nominal) Size,H Mueller supplies high-quality copper tube which is used in various fields including plumbing, HVAC, and industrial applications. Mueller Copper tubes are available in lengths between 20mm – 1m & 2m – 8m for 24 mm & 53 mm diameter respectively. Fittings include Elbows, Tees, Couplings, Reducers, Caps, Bushings, Nipples & Swage Nipples.Copper gutter guards are a worthy investment, but how do you decide on the best ones? Our guide breaks down the best copper gutter guards to choose from. Expert Advice On Improving...ABOUT MUELLER STREAMLINE CO. Our Company Copper Tube Line Sets Fittings Find a Rep Contact. DOWNLOADS. Catalogs/Brochures Price Lists Technical Information Submittals CAD/BIM . Mueller Industries Terms of SaleFeb 22, 2022 ... Comments · SPANISH - Streamline® ACR Copper Press Fittings | Installation Instructions · ACR press platforms RLS Zoomlock MAX Mueller ACR.Browse Item # D 05050, Dehydrated Coil, 5/16" OD x 50' in the Mueller Industries Inc. catalog including Item #,Item Name,Description,Type,Standards,Weight,Material,Operating Temperature,Operating Pressure,Item Size,HVACR (OD) Size,Length,Style,Qty PcMueller Streamline Co. is now able to offer the first refrigeration copper tube and fittings UL u0003Recognized to 700PSI in select sizes. In order to provide the highest level of assurance to u0003our customers that these products continue to meet the higher pressure demands of these modern refrigerants, we have taken the additional step of ...Copper Tube for HVACR Applications. Streamline® Refrigeration Service Tube is of a consistent dead soft temper, bright, thoroughly dried/dehydrated and packed in shrink wrapping plus individual cartons for the highest level of protection. For use in HVACR and mechanical applications. Made to applicable ASTM standards B280.Copper Tube for Medical Gas Applications. Streamline ® Copper Tube sets the standard for quality, consistency and service in the plumbing industries. With a full line of copper tube products to support most all plumbing supply and DWV applications, Streamline ® Copper Tube is available in all common types including, Type K, Type L, Type M and ...Sizes range from 1/2″ — 4″ and the fittings are designed to join ASTM B88 (Types K, L, M) hard-drawn copper tube (1/2″ — 4″) and soft copper tube (1/2″ — 1-1/4″). Offering. ... ABOUT MUELLER STREAMLINE CO. Our Company Copper Tube Line Sets Fittings Find a Rep Contact. DOWNLOADS. Catalogs/Brochures Price Lists Technical ...Back to all Companies. Servicing the plumbing, refrigeration, industrial and HVAC markets for 60 years, Great Lakes Copper LTD manufactures a full line of copper tubing for potable water, air conditioning, medical and aftermarket applications, plastic-coated copper, PEX rings and EZ-Roll Line Sets for air conditioning and ductless systems ...Mueller Industries. Product Image Feedback. Mueller Industries. 50' Long, 3/16″ OD x 0.1275″ ID, Copper Seamless Tube. 0.03″ Wall Thickness. MSC# 36914323. Mfr# ...03/12 - 1203069 Copper Tube. Casting of Billets Tens of thousands tonnes of copper are cast into billets at Bilston every year. The raw material is a combination of cathode (electrolytically pure to ... 70 years and Wednesbury (formerly known as Mueller Europe) is the only manufacturer of copper tube 100% produced in the UK. During this time ... Mueller Industries, Inc. is an industrial manufacturer that specializes in copper and copper alloy manufacturing while also producing goods made from aluminum, steel, and plastic. It is headquartered in Collierville, Tennessee and comprises a network of operations include tubing, fittings, valves, vessels, and similar items for plumbing and HVACR related piping systems, as well as rod ... Mueller Industries, Inc. is a global leader in the manufacturing and distribution of copper tube and fittings; brass and copper alloy rod, bar and shapes; aluminum and brass forgings; aluminum and copper impact extrusions; plastic fittings, pipe and valves; refrigeration valves and fittings; and fabricated tubular products.Jan 19, 2018 ... Copper Mining Process You've Never Seen.Copper Tube &Copper Anodes Manufacturing From Recycled Scrap. X-Machines•1.7M views · 4:19. Go to ... Streamline® Standard and Mini Split Line Sets copper tube shall be made from C12200 grade of copper. Insulation is choice of elastomeric or coated elastomeric material. Elastomeric insulation has a UV retardant added but it is recommended to cover or apply a coating for long term exposure. Coated elastomeric insulation utilizes a co-extruded ... DOWNLOADS. Copper Iron Tube for Refrigeration Applications. Streamline ® XHP TM Copper Iron Tube for use in refrigeration applications. Available sizes ranging from 3/8" to 2-5/8" for continuous 90 Bar / 1,300 PSI pressure ratings or 130 Bar / 1885 PSI pressure ratings at 120°C / 250°F. 1 - 10 of 10 | Results Per Page | View.When it comes to plumbing, choosing the right piping material is crucial. Two popular options that homeowners often consider are PEX piping and copper. Both have their own advantag...Mueller Middle East manufactures and distributes the highest quality seamless copper tube to Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Original Equipment Manufacturers in the Middle East and North Africa ...Jan 12, 2022 ... ACR press platforms RLS Zoomlock MAX Mueller ... How to ProPress Copper Pipes (Pros & Cons) | GOT2LEARN ... Press On Virtual Showcase - Mueller/ ...Oct 22, 2021 ... Sharing our DIY experience with our [hard] lessons learned on how to protect a new copper plumbing line underground.Copper Tube products made in britain, exported worldwide. Take a look at our copper tube range. Plain Tube, Coils, Plastic Coated, Medical Tubes and more. ... A Mueller Industries Company. Follow us on Social Media. Site created by Brand Newark. Yorkshire Copper Tube is Registered in England 2045485 - VAT Registration No. GB 687 834 963 ...Top Mueller Companies in uae. Al Baz Refrigeration Spare Parts Est, Sharjah, Contact: 06-5330371 ; Flowline, Sharjah, Contact: 06-5281400; Elite Specialities Trading ... Streamline 3/4-in x 10-ft Copper Type M Pipe. Copper Tube sets the standard for quality, consistency and service in the plumbing industries. With a full line of copper tube products to support most all plumbing supply and DWV applications, Streamline #174; Copper Tube is available in all common types including type K, type L, type M and DWV. Previous Streamline ACR Copper Press Fittings – Price List (PDF) Download. Download 469. File Size 76.00 KB. File Count 1. Create Date March 18, 2022. Last Updated January 13, 2023.Mar 22, 2021 ... Mueller Streamline Co.•337 views · 10:51. Go to ... Mueller Streamline Co.•7.5K views · 2:53 ... How to ProPress Copper Pipes (Pros & Cons) |&nbs... Phone Number. Browse Elbows in the Mueller Industries Inc. catalog including Mueller Streamline® 45º Elbow (C x C),Mueller Streamline® 45° Elbow Street (FTG x C),Mueller Streamline® 45° Elbow Fitting (FTG x FTG),Mueller Streamline® 90° Elbow Short Radius (C x C),M.
Mueller Streamline® 125/150 Lb. Flange Two-Piece (8) Mueller Industries’ Streamline ® 125/150 lb. Companion Flange is a two-piece, wrot copper design that provides for quick installation and a professional finish. The copper sleeve allows installers to solder or braze the assembly as they would other wrot copper fittings.. Principal financial 401k login
Mueller Streamline Co. is now able to offer the first refrigeration copper tube and fittings UL u0003Recognized to 700PSI in select sizes. In order to provide the highest level of assurance to u0003our customers that these products continue to meet the higher pressure demands of these modern refrigerants, we have taken the additional step of ...Mueller Streamline Co. is now able to offer the first refrigeration copper tube and fittings UL u0003Recognized to 700PSI in select sizes. In order to provide the highest level of assurance to u0003our customers that these products continue to meet the higher pressure demands of these modern refrigerants, we have taken the additional step of ...We’ve all been there: You threw an amazing party—maybe a housewarming, maybe a holiday get-together—but now it’s 1, 2 a.m., and your guests just. Won’t. Leave. It’s not your fault ...Copper Tube produces a wide range of plain, plastic coated and special finish copper tube for applications such as gas, water and sanitation systems. ... Mueller Europe Ltd Oxford Street Bliston West Midlands WV14 7DS United Kingdom Sales Tel. +44 (0)1902 499748 Fax. +44 (0)1902 405838 [email protected] Item # LY04100, Plastic Coated Copper Tube, 1/2" x 100' in the Mueller Industries Inc. catalog including Item #,Item Name,Description,Type,Standards,Weight,Material,Operating Temperature,Operating Pressure,Item Size,Plumbing (Nominal) Size,HVA ... Our plastic-coated copper tube …China Hvac Supplier, Copper Tube, Igt Manufacturers/ Suppliers - Jiangsu Mueller-Xingrong Copper Industries Limited. Sign In. Join Free For Buyer. Search Products & Suppliers Product Directory Supplier Discovery Post Sourcing Request ... Copper Pipes Seamless Copper Tube Tube C70600 C71500 C12200 Alloy Copper Nickel Tube The Mueller Streamline 1 in. x 10 ft. Copper Type M Rigid Tube is constructed from durable, long-lasting and corrosion-resistant copper. Great for use as a residential water supply line. This type M pipe features thin walls and is suitable for use behind walls inside homes to route water from service lines and water heaters to fixtures. Copper gutter guards are a worthy investment, but how do you decide on the best ones? Our guide breaks down the best copper gutter guards to choose from. Expert Advice On Improving...Browse Item # D 08050, Dehydrated Coil, 1/2" OD x 50' in the Mueller Industries Inc. catalog including Item #,Item Name,Description,Type,Standards,Weight,Material,Operating Temperature,Operating Pressure,Item Size,HVACR (OD) Size,Length,Style,Qty Pcs. ... Copper Tube for HVACR Applications;All products are British manufactured. Our quality management system is approved to BS EN ISO 9001. Owned by Mueller Industries Inc, Yorkshire Copper Tube is the leading manufacturer of …Wednesbury Tube (Mueller Europe Ltd) are a wholly owned subsidiary of Mueller Industries Inc, Memphis USA and operates from a site in Bilston, Great Britain. Toggle navigation. ... Wednesbury Tube hold many national and international approvals for copper tube, including: UK Kitemark approvals for plumbing tube and medical gas tubes; …A leading name in SMART and efficient flow control solutions, Mueller Streamline® Co. provides copper products for plumbing, HVAC, refrigeration, PVF and other markets. Leminar offers a wide range of Mueller Streamline products, including copper tubing, line sets, copper fittings, and related items.Copper Water Tube Type M Hard - 10' Lengths Meets applicable ASTM standards: B-88, B-306 & B-280 NSF approved Warehouse & Distribution Locations SpecificationsMueller, Copper Size Reference PDF Mueller, Copper Tube for HVACR...Revit Family Download. CADmep Models Download. Submittal — Copper-Iron Fittings. XHP brochure. Streamline® XHP Copper-Iron Fittings for use in refrigeration applications. Available sizes ranging from 3/8” to 2-1/8” for continuous 130 BAR / 1885 PSI pressure ratings at 120°C / 250°F. 1 - 25 of 26 | Results Per Page | View.Each of our great companies plays an important part in the success of Mueller Industries. To learn more about any of our companies, click on their logos below. Howell Metal is an established manufacturer of copper tubing and line sets for residential and commercial construction markets. Copper tubing comes in coils and straight lengths, and ....