Cpt code for ingrown toenail removal - My doctors list this title on their POC quite often and I have looked and its not removal of nails or wedge excision (no anesthesia) and not really debridement of nail (11720/21). Am I just trying too hard to code? THX

 
Best answers. 0. May 14, 2012. #1. Procedure: Digital block with local augmenation with 0.5% bupivacaine 5 with s/epi. Lateral edge of nail undermined and freed from nail bed. Eponychial fold undermined and freed from nail. Nail incised vertically with scissors. Approximately 4 mm-wide naile edge removed with hemostat.. Fill oxygen tank near me

Learn how to easily remove thinset with our step-by-step guide. Say goodbye to stubborn residue and uneven surfaces with these effective techniques. Expert Advice On Improving Your...Forceps and sharp scissors used to debride granulomatous tissue, also scissors used to trim and excise corner of distal nail which was ingrowing. Did not use digital block and so did not excise all the way to the nail bed. Under assessment doctor states Ingrown Nail 703.0 then states scissors and forceps for nail debridement, medial …Nail side: Medial. Ingrown nail: Wedge excision of skin: yes. Nail matrix removed or ablated: Partial. Post-procedure details: Dressing: 4x4 sterile gauze and tube gauze. Patient tolerance of procedure: Tolerated well, no immediate complications. Comments: Applied silver nitrate applied to both great toe nailbeds.Jul 21, 2021 · The second procedure that was performed, CPT code 11730 (Avulsion of nail plate, partial or complete, simple; single) X 3 (T2, T7, T9) was rejected for all three toes. When the Medically Unlikely Edits are accessed, the number is 1 which indicates that CPT code 11730 can only be billed 1 time on a given date of service. It was billed 3 times. I am not an expert but I will provide links to experts on ingrown toenail billing: This explains how to bill a simple ingrown toenail removal or if you do more than one 11730 or 2:The 50 modifier would never be appropriate; you should always use the -T modifiers for the toes. In addition, use 11730 - T_ for the first toe and 11732 - T_ for each additional toe. You need to read the actual description of the codes. 11732 is for each add'l toe; nothing of laterality is mentioned.ICD-10-CM Codes. Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Disorders of skin appendages. Nail disorders (L60) Ingrowing nail (L60.0) L60. L60.0. L60.1.CPT stands for Current Procedural Terminology and is administered by the AMA (American Medical Association). HCPCS stands for Healthcare Common Procedural Coding System and is base...ingrown lateral nail edge.11 Both methods are effective for mild to moderate cases. 12 A newer treatment approach involves using tape to pull the nail fold away from the nailApr 26, 2016 · Best answers. 0. Apr 26, 2016. #1. Provider trimmed bilateral ingrown toenails. Please see dictated note: "Anesthesia with 3 ml of lidocaine without epi used to preform a digital block of the right toe. Anesthesia with 4.5ml of lidocaine without epi used to perform a digital block of the left toe. Adaquate numbness acheived. Ingrown toenails are mainly caused by improper cutting of the nail and surrounding skin. If the nail is trimmed at an angle rather than straight across, there is often a piece of nail left behind. Other causes of ingrown toenails are contributed by tight fitting shoes or cleats, pedicures, fungal toenails, and the genetic shape of your toenail.Am Fam Physician. 2002;65 (12):2547-2550. A more recent article on ingrown toenail management is available. A patient information handout on ingrown toenail removal is provided on page 2557 ...Z48.817 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Short description: Encntr for surgical aftcr fol surgery on the skin, subcu The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM Z48.817 became effective on October 1, 2023.I code for 3 podiatrists. You would use CPT 11750 only once per digit. CPT 11750 "may only be reported once per digit. A partial excision, even when the partial excision requires two incisions (medial & lateral aspects), of the nail does not count as two separate procedures." Excerpt from the Ingenix Coding Companion for Podiatry.This method helps ease the pain of an ingrown nail as well. Partially removing the nail. For a more severe ingrown toenail (inflamed skin, pain and pus), your health care provider may numb the toe and trim or remove the ingrown portion of the nail. It could take 2 to 4 months for your toenail to grow back. Removing the nail and tissue.The most common surgeries for ingrown toenails include: Wedge resection. Here, a doctor removes a portion of the toenail to prevent it from digging into the skin. This procedure is also called a ...There are two ways to access Facebook from your Android-based mobile phone or tablet. You can launch a browser and navigate to the Facebook mobile website, or you can use a Faceboo...Zuber T. Ingrown toenail removal. American Family Physician, June 15, 2002;65(12):2547-2550. Kouba DJ, LoPiccolo MC, Alam M, et al. Guidelines for the use of local anesthesia in office-based dermatologic surgery. ... Enter the CPT/HCPCS code in the MCD Search and select your state from the drop down. (You may have to accept the …Jan 1, 2022 ... Comments9 · Partial nail avulsion procedure for Ingrown toe-nails · Ingrown Toe Nail Surgery: Bilateral Hallux Partial Nail Avulsion Technique.CPT 11720: Debridement of nail(s) by any method(s); one to five • CPT 11721: Debridement of nail(s) by any method(s); six or more • Trimming of toenails = Cutting only in length • Debride(ment) = reduce bulk= Must include “length and Girth to Patient Tolerance”. • You must state which toenails were debrided CPT Codes for Nail Care 26Aug 13, 2019 · If a toenail is at risk of becoming ingrown, people can try the following tips to prevent it:. Trim the nails straight across. Avoid making them rounded or pointed. Avoid cutting the nails too short. ICD-10-CM Codes. Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Disorders of skin appendages. Nail disorders (L60) Ingrowing nail (L60.0) L60. L60.0. L60.1.Have an infected ingrown toenail and need ingrown toenail treatment? The Foot Hub offers meticulous cost-effective treatment options for ingrown toenails. ... • Item Codes 004 (initial) 012 (ongoing) • Afterpay . BOOK . Partial Nail Avulsion $ 95 • Additional $30 for local anaesthetic ... • Removal of entire toenail plate • 1 free ...The new ICD-10 code has laterality but only for the great toes. Right great toe infected ingrown toe nail is L03.031 and left is L03.032. So if you are billing a 11730 or a 11750 the modifier for ...The removal of an ingrown toenail now has its own CPT code, which is 11750. The procedure involves removing a portion or all of the toenail to treat an ingrown toenail. Why is the Removal Ingrown Toenail CPT Code Important? The implementation of the Removal Ingrown Toenail CPT Code is crucial as it allows healthcare providers to report the ...each additional nail plate ( List separately in addition to code for primary procedure) 11750: Excision of nail and nail matrix, partial or complete, (e.g., ingrown or deformed nail) for permanent removal: 11765: Wedge excision of skin of nail fold (e.g., for ingrown toenail) Other CPT codes related to the CPB: 17110 - 17111In the ever-evolving landscape of healthcare, accurate and efficient medical coding is crucial. One important aspect of medical coding is understanding and utilizing Current Proced...Summary. The provider performs a wedge excision of the skin of the nail fold at the lateral margin (groove) of a nail, such as an ingrown toenail. For clinical responsibility, terminology, tips and additional info. start codify free trial.Ingrown toenail. An ingrown toenail may cause pain, inflamed skin, swelling and, sometimes, infection around the toenail. Often you can take care of ingrown toenails on your own. If the pain is severe or spreading, your health care provider can take steps to relieve your discomfort and help you avoid complications of ingrown toenails.The CPT code 11765 has been introduced for the removal of toenails that are infected, ingrown, or deformed. Before this, the billing code for toenail removal was included in a broader descriptor under the surgical section.Oct 1, 2015 · When a nail avulsion is done, the matrix is not typically destroyed, thus leading to regrowth of the spicule or nail plate. 13,14 For those patients who have failed conservative therapy or have a symptomatic presentation of an ingrown toenail that is moderate to severe 3; a surgical intervention such as removal of granulation tissue of the ... The literature contains many reports of the effectiveness, cure rates, and complications of matrix cauterization with phenol in the treatment of ingrown nails. 17, 27-30 A Cochrane review has described the various methods for treating ingrown toenails. 31 The authors noted that the combination of simple nail avulsion and phenolization was more ...Jul 21, 2021 · The second procedure that was performed, CPT code 11730 (Avulsion of nail plate, partial or complete, simple; single) X 3 (T2, T7, T9) was rejected for all three toes. When the Medically Unlikely Edits are accessed, the number is 1 which indicates that CPT code 11730 can only be billed 1 time on a given date of service. It was billed 3 times. Toe nails should always be even with the tips of your toes. If they are trimmed too short, shoe pressure on the toes can direct a nail to grow directly into the tissue. 3. Always Wear Properly Fitting Shoes. Shoes that are too tight can pinch or place pressure on toes and cause a nail to grow into surrounding tissue.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the correct CPT® code for the wedge excision of a nail fold of an ingrown toenail?, What is the correct HCPCS Level II code for parenteral nutrition solution amino acid, 3.5%?, When procedures are "mandated" by third party payers, what modifier would you use? and more.When billing for non-covered services, use the appropriate modifier. The description of CPT codes 11730, 11732 and 11750 indicates partial or complete avulsion or excision of a nail plate. When CPT code 11730, 11732 or 11750 is reported, it represents all services performed on that nail for that date of service (DOS).The permanent portion of the procedure is when I apply a dilute chemical called Phenol to the nail bed. This helps cauterize the nail bed and prevents recurrence. Although this is referred to as permanent, they do recur occasionally. The application of Phenol in addition to clipping the nail reduces the recurrence rate from 65% to around 5 …On average, stump removal costs around $325. Read this full breakdown of costs to expect from your stump removal project and how to save. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Video...Mar 22, 2005 · Excision: You should code each toenail removal. Report 11750 for the first complete removal and 11750 for the second removal. You correctly append modifier -50 ( Bilateral procedure) to the second 11750 ( Excision of nail and nail matrix partial or complete [e.g. ingrown or deformed nail] for permanent removal ). Reporting CPT code 11750 (removal of nail bed) with CPT code 11765 (excision of nail fold toe) for the same digit on the same DOS is not correct coding. CPT code 11765 requires an excision of a wedge of the skin of the nail fold from the involved side of the toe. Reporting CPT code 11765 for the removal of a small piece of the skin and/or the ...Ingrowing nail. L60.0 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM L60.0 became effective on October 1, 2023. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of L60.0 - other international versions of ICD-10 L60.0 may differ.L60.0 is a valid billable ICD-10 diagnosis code for Ingrowing nail . It is found in the 2024 version of the ICD-10 Clinical Modification (CM) and can be used in all HIPAA-covered transactions from Oct 01, 2023 - Sep 30, 2024 . ↓ See below for any exclusions, inclusions or special notations. The use of ICD-10 code L60.0 can also apply to: Acronyx.When a patient presents with a dystrophic toenail, we often send a sample of the affected nail for culture, pathology and/or molecular genetic testing. If you obtain this sample by clipping off a distal portion of the nail plate and scraping out subungual debris, the question is often asked if you should code this with CPT 11755. The short answer to the …For the toenail excision, you should report 11750 ( Excision of nail and nail matrix, partial or complete [e.g., ingrown or deformed nail] for permanent removal ). This code involves removal of all or part of a fingernail or toenail, including the nail plate and matrix. If the surgeon removes the entire tuft of the distal phalanx, you should ...ingrown lateral nail edge.11 Both methods are effective for mild to moderate cases. 12 A newer treatment approach involves using tape to pull the nail fold away from the nailPartial nail avulsion and chemical matricectomy relieve symptoms and prevent regrowth of the nail edge or recurrence of the ingrowing toenail. Ingrowing toenails are a common problem and occur when the edge of the nail grows into flesh at the side of the nail, causing a painful injury. The punctured skin can become inflamed and infected.If you get healthcare services and receive a statement or bill, you’ll see medical CPT codes on the paperwork. But what do they all mean? Here’s a guide to reading CPT codes to see...The authors hope that the expert consensus on the most appropriate CPT codes associated with commonly performed nail procedures will aid clinicians as they diagnose and treat …Procedure code 11750 (Excision of nail and nail matrix, partial or complete, [e.g., ingrown or deformed nail] for permanent removal) requires the removal of the full length or the entire nail plate, with destruction or permanent removal of the matrix by any means. ... Reporting CPT code 11765 for the removal of a small piece of the skin and/or ...The literature contains many reports of the effectiveness, cure rates, and complications of matrix cauterization with phenol in the treatment of ingrown nails. 17, 27-30 A Cochrane review has described the various methods for treating ingrown toenails. 31 The authors noted that the combination of simple nail avulsion and phenolization was more ...CPT Code Description 2008 Average 50th Percentile Fee ... Ingrown toenail removal. Am Fam Physician. 2002;65:2547–2550, 2551–2552, 2554, 2557–2558. 14.AAPC members discuss the codes for excision and avulsion of ingrown toenails in ambulatory outpatient settings. See the answers and explanations from experts and networkers.If you’re having trouble, skip this step.) Use small scissors to cut proximally all the way to the nail matrix. Use the hemostat to remove the free portion of the nail. (Don’t leave any nail in the nail fold or matrix.) Apply bacitracin, wrap the toe, recommend hard sole shoes (nothing tight) for comfort. For follow-up, refer to podiatry or ...As noted with ingrown toenail. 6. Ingrown toenail of right foot Notes: Patient educated to condition treatment options. Aseptic technique utilized to remove painful ingrown nail to the medial and lateral borders of the right foot utilizing nipper and curette. After care bacitracin and Band-Aid. Soaking instructions provided. We'll continue to ...CPT Code 11750. CPT 11750 describes the permanent removal of a partial or complete nail and nail matrix, such as an ingrown or deformed nail. CPT Code 11755. CPT 11755 describes a biopsy of the nail unit, including the plate, bed, matrix, hyponychium, and proximal and lateral nail folds, as a separate procedure.ICD-10-CM identifies three different causes for pathological fractures: “neoplastic disease,” “osteoporosis” and other specified disease. ICD-10-CM introduces the seventh character that describes type of encounter, or the state of a fracture’s healing and any sequela. Some codes in this chapter will have the seventh character applied.Discover how to safely and efficiently remove trees with our comprehensive guide. Get tips, advice, and crucial information for a stress-free process. Expert Advice On Improving Yo...Ingrown nails, the most common nail impairment, are nails whose corners or sides dig painfully into the soft tissue of nail grooves, often leading to irritation, redness, and swelling. Usually, toenails grow straight out. Sometimes, however, one or both corners or sides curve and grow into the flesh. The big toe is the most common location for ...As noted with ingrown toenail. 6. Ingrown toenail of right foot Notes: Patient educated to condition treatment options. Aseptic technique utilized to remove painful ingrown nail to the medial and lateral borders of the right foot utilizing nipper and curette. After care bacitracin and Band-Aid. Soaking instructions provided. We'll continue to ...In the complex world of medical billing and coding, accurate documentation is crucial for maximizing revenue and ensuring efficiency. One tool that can greatly aid in this process ...Here are some tips: Soak the foot in warm water 3–4 times a day, while using a cotton bud to gently push the skin away from the toenail. A doctor may advise you to add Epsom salt to the warm ...Gently massage the foot and the toenail. This improves blood flow to the area, which may help with pain while speeding the healing process. Dry the foot after soaking it, and apply an ...AAPC members discuss the codes for excision and avulsion of ingrown toenails in ambulatory outpatient settings. See the answers and explanations from experts and networkers.Patients eligible to receive CPT code 11730 services are those who require the partial or complete, simple removal of a single nail plate due to conditions such as ingrown …Wiki Toe Nail Removal ... Messages 6 Location Huntington, WV Best answers 0. Sep 20, 2010 #1 How would local anesthesia be coded for the partial removal of a toe nail for an ingrown toe nail? E. eadun2000 Expert. Messages 488 Location Universal City, TX Best answers 0. Sep 20, 2010 #2 you would not code it.. it is included …This document lists the CPT codes for various foot care services, including surgical removal or care of ingrown toenail(s), and the conditions under which they are …Is there a CPT to cut back the nail, or do you use 11750 for partial removal, or OV code? Menu. Forums. New posts Search forums. Wiki Posts. All Wiki Posts Recent Wiki Posts. What's new. ... Ingrown toenail. Thread starter gcohen; Start date Jul 27, 2021; Create Wiki G. gcohen Guru. Messages 1721. What is CPT 11750? CPT 11750 is a medical code used to describe the procedure of excising part or all of a fingernail or toenail, including the nail plate and matrix, for …Aug 13, 2019 · If a toenail is at risk of becoming ingrown, people can try the following tips to prevent it:. Trim the nails straight across. Avoid making them rounded or pointed. Avoid cutting the nails too short. Oct 13, 2022 · In our CPT Index, we want to look for Removal/Nails which directs us to two code ranges 11730-11732 & 11750. The documentation states the entire nail and root (nail matrix) are removed. In the numeric section of the CPT, the removal of the nail and nail matrix is code 11750. Dec 3, 2014 · For the toenail excision, you should report 11750 ( Excision of nail and nail matrix, partial or complete [e.g., ingrown or deformed nail] for permanent removal ). This code involves removal of all or part of a fingernail or toenail, including the nail plate and matrix. If the surgeon removes the entire tuft of the distal phalanx, you should ... ICD-10-CM Codes. Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Disorders of skin appendages. Nail disorders (L60) Ingrowing nail (L60.0) L60. L60.0. L60.1.Immerse digit in warm soapy water for 10-15 minutes. Prepare area with Betadine or hibbiclens. Digital Block Anesthesia. Consider Tourniquet (brief application only) Apply penrose drain or Rubber band at base of digit. Reduces bleeding during procedure. Drape area. III. Technique: Toenail Removal.Calcium Removal; Chaper 9: A Patient's Guide to Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery; Chapter 10: A Patient's Guide to Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery ... This procedure is used to remove the problem portion of an ingrown toenail and to prevent the ingrown toenail from recurring. This procedure is performed under local anesthetic, and takes only a few ...Patient scheduled for biopsy and they say heel has been hurting. Procedure for biopsy. E&M plantar fasciitis with stretching, ice, and dispense insert. 1 – D49.2. 2 – M72.2. – 11100. – 99213 25 mod. New patient. Ingrown toenail with removal.Windows 8 has some great apps available, but many of them are ad-supported, meaning you get a great app but have to deal with an ad reel in the corner of your screen. If you're not...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the correct CPT® code for the wedge excision of a nail fold of an ingrown toenail?, What is the correct HCPCS Level II code for parenteral nutrition solution amino acid, 3.5%?, When procedures are "mandated" by third party payers, what modifier would you use? and more.3. loosen & remove one side of the nail at a time. What are the two short term outcomes in a ingrown toenail removal? serosanguineous drainage minimal within 24 hours. pain well-controlled with non-narcotic analgesia and elevation. When should full healing be achieved from an ingrown toenail removal? 4-6 weeks.Have an infected ingrown toenail and need ingrown toenail treatment? The Foot Hub offers meticulous cost-effective treatment options for ingrown toenails. ... • Item Codes 004 (initial) 012 (ongoing) • Afterpay . BOOK . Partial Nail Avulsion $ 95 • Additional $30 for local anaesthetic ... • Removal of entire toenail plate • 1 free ...Based on comments that CPT ® code 11730 includes avulsion of nail plate, ... Zuber T. Ingrown toenail removal. Am Family Physician. 2002;65(12):2547-2550.removal of index finger nailbed tissue. Look at 11760 From AAPC coder: The nail bed can be injured due to laceration, crush, or avulsion. This procedure is performed to repair such damage. [B]Clinical Responsibility [/B] The physician remo... [ Read More ] Nail bed repair and bone debridement.The excision of soft tissue was typically generous and adequate, with all portions of the granulation tissue removed. The soft-tissue nail-fold excision procedure for ingrown toenails. In step 1, the toe is cleansed with an iodine solution, and ring block anesthesia is applied with 2% xylocaine without epinephrine. Aug 11, 2010. #2. 11730 - Plain english description: All or part of a fingernail or toenail is removed. The area is numbed by a digital nerve block, and the physician separates the nail plate from the nail bed. Any bleeding is cauterized and the site is bandaged. Code 11730 if only one nail is removed. Code 11732 for each additional nail removal.

Avulsion of nail plate, partial or complete, simple; each additional nail plate (11732) Evacuation of subungual hematoma (11740) Excision of nail and nail matrix, partial or …. Longhorn steakhouse hampton va 23666

cpt code for ingrown toenail removal

Z48.817 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Short description: Encntr for surgical aftcr fol surgery on the skin, subcu The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM Z48.817 became effective on October 1, 2023.For the toenail excision, you should report 11750 ( Excision of nail and nail matrix, partial or complete [e.g., ingrown or deformed nail] for permanent removal ). This code involves removal of all or part of a fingernail or toenail, including the nail plate and matrix. If the surgeon removes the entire tuft of the distal phalanx, you should ...Medicine Matters Sharing successes, challenges and daily happenings in the Department of Medicine Due to a time conflict with our 2023 AMA E&M Inpatient Guideline Changes webinar, ...Best answers. 0. Sep 9, 2016. #2. If you code for the I&D, you'd likely get a bundling edit for the nail removal. But the fact that the patient has an ingrowing toenail doesn't inherently mean the patient also has an abscess, so it'd be a stretch to meet the medical necessity of the I&D with just that DX. The documentation doesn't explain the ...Many causes of ingrown toenail have been proposed. Two main causes are tight shoes and an incorrect nail-trimming technique [1, 5].Shoes that fit properly may reduce the pressure between the nail and the lateral nail fold [].Proper trimming technique allows the corner of the nail to project beyond the edge of the skin [].Patients should be …Worst of all, this inefficiency could delay care to Palmetto beneficiaries for a condition (ingrown toenail) which can cause infection, amputation, and even death. Medial Versus Lateral Border Ingrown Nails . CPT ®1 11750 - Excision of nail and nail matrix, partial or complete (e.g., ingrown or deformed nail), for permanent removalCutting or removal of corns and calluses Clipping, trimming, or debridement of nails, including ... Identification of cultures of fungi in the toenail clippings is medically necessary only ... each ICD-10 group to understand which CPT codes apply to the list of ICD-10 codes . 31. ICD-10 Codes that Support Medical NecessityAug 12, 2019 · The most common surgeries for ingrown toenails include: Wedge resection. Here, a doctor removes a portion of the toenail to prevent it from digging into the skin. This procedure is also called a ... Learn how to easily remove thinset with our step-by-step guide. Say goodbye to stubborn residue and uneven surfaces with these effective techniques. Expert Advice On Improving Your...This web page provides comprehensive information on ingrown toenail causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. It does not mention any CPT code …When a nail avulsion is done, the matrix is not typically destroyed, thus leading to regrowth of the spicule or nail plate. 13,14 For those patients who have failed conservative therapy or have a symptomatic presentation of an ingrown toenail that is moderate to severe 3; a surgical intervention such as removal of granulation tissue of the ...Techniques can be used to effectively prevent future regrowth of the ingrown toenail. After the procedure, a dressing will be applied to over the toe and is ...The causes of an ingrown toenail are multiple and include trimming the toenails too short, using sharp tools to clean the toenail gutters, wearing improperly fitted (too tight) shoes, rotated digits, and bony deformities. Improper toenail trimming can result in a small nail spike on the lateral aspect of the toenail (Figure 184-1). As the ...Aug 12, 2019 · The most common surgeries for ingrown toenails include: Wedge resection. Here, a doctor removes a portion of the toenail to prevent it from digging into the skin. This procedure is also called a ... Anonychia congenita is a condition that affects the fingernails and toenails. Explore symptoms, inheritance, genetics of this condition. Anonychia congenita is a condition that aff...The code verbiage says partial or complete. Most podiatrists bill the medial and lateral nail Winograd nail excisions using CPT 11750 with "1" unit. However, there are some coders who would tell you to try billing the procedures twice on two separate lines. The first CPT 11750-T_ and the second CPT 11750-T_-59.Aug 11, 2010. #2. 11730 - Plain english description: All or part of a fingernail or toenail is removed. The area is numbed by a digital nerve block, and the physician separates the nail plate from the nail bed. Any bleeding is cauterized and the site is bandaged. Code 11730 if only one nail is removed. Code 11732 for each additional nail removal..

Popular Topics